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Frequency Specific Microcurrent
FSM was developed by Dr. Carolyn McMakin in 1995 using frequencies passed on from an osteopath in Canada who had a practice that came with a machine made in the 1920’s. Dr. McMakin developed protocols for the treatment of myofascial pain in 1996 and presented her clinical data at the American Back Society national meeting in December 1997. In 1998, she published paper on the “Treatment of chronic resistant myofascial pain in the head, neck and face” in Topics in Clinical Chiropractic. In addition to other published FSM papers, Dr. McMakin's textbook "Frequency Specific Microcurrent in Pain Management" was recently published by Elsevier. Dr. McMakin began teaching FSM in 1997 to see if the effects of FSM were reproducible. By June 1997 it was clear that the effects were reproducible and the seminars have evolved into a three day intensive class in the use of frequency protocols, the differential diagnosis of pain generators and neurologic conditions.

The frequencies were developed in the early 1900’s and were used with funky looking electronic equipment that fell out of use in the 1940’s. Microcurrent was introduced as a battery operated physical therapy modality in the 1980’s in Europe and the USA. Microcurrent devices deliver frequencies and current in millionths of an amp and have been shown in published studies to increase energy (ATP) production in cells by 500%.

Since 1997, hundreds of practitioners around the world have taken the FSM seminar and use this amazing new technique to help patients recover from myofascial pain, fibromyalgia, sports injuries, concussion and many other health concerns. The FSM seminar teaches frequency protocols, differential diagnosis of pain complaints and hands on use of the microcurrent equipment. Our students evaluate the seminars consistently with 5/5 value approval ratings.

Meet Our Instructors
Carolyn McMakin, MA, DC is the leading authority and developer of Frequency Specific Microcurrent (FSM). She maintains a part time clinical practice, participates in research and teaches seminars on the use of FSM in the United States, Australia, Ireland and Europe. She has lectured at the National Institutes of Health and at numerous conferences in the US, England, Canada and Australia on the subjects of fibromyalgia and chronic pain syndromes.
Shannon Goossen, AP, LMT, CMTPT is a practicing Acupuncture Physician and Myofascial Trigger Point Therapist in Jacksonville, FL. Shannon has been in private practice since 1996 and a FSM practitioner since 2001. She graduated from Hendrix College in 1986 and received her bachelor degree in biology. In 1996 she was licensed in Florida to practice massage and completed post graduate training for Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy from the Pittsburgh School of Pain Management (formally the Academy for Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy). Then, in 2001 graduated from the Classical Acupuncture Institute. She is board certified by the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (Diplomate) the Myofascial Trigger Point Therapy National Certification Board, is a certified FSM instructor, and belongs to several organizations. She has been a contributing author for 2 text books and published several articles on myofascial pain. She is also on the editorial board for the Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapy. Shannon has been presenting at national meetings and teaching seminars since 1998 on subjects including myofascial pain and dysfunction, active myofascial release, spinal disorders and rehabilitation, neurological evaluation, and the use of FSM in clinical practice. In 2009 she was invited to become a FSM Core Instructor and now teaches for FSS on the East coast. Shannon is passionate about teaching FSM because of what it has done for her patients and how it has changed her life.
Vanessa Cayle, MSPT opened the CranioSacral Institute of MI in early 2004 after finding CST for her own health concerns. She graduated from Grand Valley State University in 1992 with a BS in Health Science and in 1994 with a MSPT. She has been practicing PT in many areas since then. She started her career in Neurological Rehab at Rehab Institute of MI, moved to Acute care, Orthopedics, and Pediatrics at Sparrow Hospital, then on to school based therapy. Vanessa has taken Upledger classes in CST 1, 2, SER1, 2, Advanced CST and LDT. She is a certified presenter through Upledger Institute. She teaches 1 and 2 day classes in CST, lectures and presents on CST. She has also had training in Reconnection Healing. She has taken classes in Frequency Specific Microcurrent for: Core Training, Fibromyalgia, Advanced FSM, and the FSM Neurotransmitter Workshop. She is a certified FSM practitioner and sits on the National Advisory Committee for FSM.
Denise Curtis, M.Sc., PT, NMT is a physical therapist, nutrition scientist, exercise physiologist, researcher and published author. She held the position of senior lecturer at the National Training Centre (NTC) in Dublin, Ireland for over 15 years and has presented at national and international conventions and symposiums. Denise is a certified FSM practitioner, is advanced trained in FSM and sits on the National Advisory Board for the FSM Research Foundation. She is also a certified FSM instructor and is responsible for teaching the course in Ireland. Denise recently completed the first ever controlled trial on the effects of FSM therapy on delayed onset muscle soreness which has been published by Elsevier Science in the Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies (JBMT). In 2010, her research findings were presented at the 12th Scientific Conference in Sports and Exercise Medicine, at the Queen Mary University of London. Denise was recently presented with the Ruth Johnston memorial award for her outstanding contribution in support of FSM therapy. Denise is passionate about her work and divides her time between running her physical therapy clinic, teaching and research into the development of microcurrent therapy for the treatment of injuries and chronic pain.
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